It seems logo_src argument should work, as Vlad Patru pointed

Magento\Theme\Block\Html\Header\Logo

/**
 * Get logo image URL
 *
 * @return string
 */
public function getLogoSrc()
{
    if (empty($this->_data['logo_src'])) {
        $this->_data['logo_src'] = $this->_getLogoUrl();
    }
    return $this->_data['logo_src'];
}

It seems logo_src argument should work, as Vlad Patru pointed https://magento.stackexchange.com/a/217677/3566

Magento\Theme\Block\Html\Header\Logo

/**
 * Get logo image URL
 *
 * @return string
 */
public function getLogoSrc()
{
    if (empty($this->_data['logo_src'])) {
        $this->_data['logo_src'] = $this->_getLogoUrl();
    }
    return $this->_data['logo_src'];
}