Here is a way to do it in SQL, to generate a histogram and understand the percentage of your users which are logged in when checking out.
select
if(customer_id, 1, 0) as loggedin,
count(*)
from
sales_flat_order
where
created_at > '2018-11-01'
group by
1
order by
1 desc
;
Outputs:
+----------+----------+
| loggedin | count(*) |
+----------+----------+
| 1 | 1194 |
| 0 | 1693 |
+----------+----------+