Go to the database and Truncate ui_bookmarkrun this query below.
TRUNCATE ui_bookmark;
I think it will fix the filter problem and reset it but it's not a solution fotfor the problem itself, if you add a filter that returns too muchmany results, like 999 elements to the grid it will happen again.
That happened to me before, I think is something like a timeout I could only fixingfix it by updating the magentoMagento version.
Hope it helps :D