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For more information see the following commit

For more information see the following commit

I recommend to use Mage2Gen to generate your module for you!

protected function redirect($url)
{

    if($url=='410'){
        $url = $this->url->getUrl('vendor_module/response/gone', ['_secure' => true]);
    }

    header("Location: " . $url);
    exit();

    $this->response->setRedirect($url,$code);

    $this->getRequest()->setDispatched(true);
    $this->getRequest()->setParam('no_cache', true);
 
    return $this->actionFactory->create('Magento\Framework\App\Action\Redirect');
}

additional commit

https://github.com/experius/Magento-2-Module-PageNotFound/pull/19/commits/7d230cb6352b16633ed2d32dde28d7527e8eff3a

I recommend to use Mage2Gen to generate your module for you!

/**
 * @var \Magento\Framework\Controller\ResultFactory 
 */
private $resultFactory;

protected function redirect($url)
{

    if($url=='410'){
        $result = $this->resultFactory->create(\Magento\Framework\Controller\ResultFactory::TYPE_FORWARD);
        return $result->setModule('experius_pagenotfound')->setController('response')->forward('gone');
    }

}

Let me know if you have any questions!

I recommend to use Mage2Gen to generate your module for you!

Basic module with Mage2Gen for you!

https://mage2gen.com/load/8cfec17a-a5ff-481e-9f36-2091e0237006

Based on this commit you can implement is as followed:

Add a frontend route - etc/frontend/routes.xml

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:App/etc/routes.xsd">
    <router id="standard">
        <route frontName="vendor_module" id="vendor_module">
            <module name="Vendor_Module"/>
        </route>
    </router>
</config>

Add a frontend event - etc/frontend/events.xml

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Event/etc/events.xsd">
    <event name="controller_action_predispatch_cms_noroute_index">
        <observer instance="Vendor\Module\Observer\Controller\ActionPredispatch" name="vendor_module_observer_controller_actionpredispatch_controller_action_predispatch"/>
    </event>
</config>

Create the Observer and implement this function - Observer/Controller/ActionPredispatch.php

protected function redirect($url)
{

    if($url=='410'){
        $url = $this->url->getUrl('vendor_module/response/gone', ['_secure' => true]);
    }

    header("Location: " . $url);
    exit();

    $this->response->setRedirect($url,$code);

    $this->getRequest()->setDispatched(true);
    $this->getRequest()->setParam('no_cache', true);

    return $this->actionFactory->create('Magento\Framework\App\Action\Redirect');
}

Then add a Controller - Controller/Response/Gone.php

<?php
namespace Vendor\Module\Controller\Response;
class Gone extends \Magento\Framework\App\Action\Action
{
    protected $resultPageFactory;
    /**
     * Constructor
     *
     * @param \Magento\Framework\App\Action\Context  $context
     * @param \Magento\Framework\View\Result\PageFactory $resultPageFactory
     */
    public function __construct(
        \Magento\Framework\App\Action\Context $context,
        \Magento\Framework\View\Result\PageFactory $resultPageFactory
    ) {
        $this->resultPageFactory = $resultPageFactory;
        parent::__construct($context);
    }
    /**
     * Execute view action
     *
     * @return \Magento\Framework\Controller\ResultInterface
     */
    public function execute()
    {
        $resultPage = $this->resultPageFactory->create();
        $resultPage->setStatusHeader(410, '1.1', 'Gone');
        $resultPage->setHeader('Status', '410 Gone');
        return $resultPage;
    }
}

Add a Block - Block/Response/Gone.php

<?php
namespace Vendor\Module\Block\Response;
class Gone extends \Magento\Framework\View\Element\Template
{
    protected function _prepareLayout()
    {
        $this->pageConfig->addBodyClass('410');
        $this->pageConfig->getTitle()->set('410 Gone');
        //$this->pageConfig->setKeywords();
        //$this->pageConfig->setDescription();
        $pageMainTitle = $this->getLayout()->getBlock('page.main.title');
        $pageMainTitle->setPageTitle(__('Whoops, our bad...'));
        return parent::_prepareLayout();
    }
}

Update the frontend with layout xml - view/frontend/layout/vendor_module_response_gone.xml

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<page layout="1column" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_configuration.xsd">
    <body>
        <referenceContainer name="content">
            <block class="Vendor\Module\Block\Response\Gone" name="response.gone" template="Vendor_Module::response/gone.phtml"/>
        </referenceContainer>
    </body>
</page>

And finally add a template - view/frontend/templates/response/gone.phtml

<dl>
    <dt><?php echo __('The page you requested was not found, and we have a fine guess why.'); ?></dt>
    <dd>
        <ul class="disc">
            <li><?php echo __('If you typed the URL directly, please make sure the spelling is correct.'); ?></li>
            <li><?php echo __('If you clicked on a link to get here, the link is outdated.'); ?></li>
        </ul>
    </dd>
</dl>

Let me know if you have any questions!