I don't know if this is exactly what you want but if you want to set the groups manually, you have to put them in an array something like this:
$groups = array('group1', 'group2', ...);
foreach ($groups as $group) :
...
EDIT:
$groups = $this->getGroups(); // your groups
$mySelectedGroups = array('group1', 'group2', ...);
foreach($group as $group) {
if (in_array($group, $mySelectedGroups)) {
//...
}
}
EDIT 2 you have an error in your code
<?php
$groups = $this->getGroups();
$mySelectedGroups = array('2''1403', '4''1404', '1405'); // this is the group entity_id from database
?>
<!-- tab navigation -->
<ul id="tabs" class="nav nav-tabs">
<?php
$navI = 1;
foreach ($groups as $group) :
if (in_array($group, $mySelectedGroups)):
if ($group->hasProducts()): ?>
<li <?php if ($navI == 1) { ?> class="active" <?php } ?> >
<a href="#<?php echo $group->getId(); ?>"
data-toggle="tab">
<?php echo $group->getName(); ?>
<i style="display: none;" class="text-danger error_glyph_<?php echo $group->getId(); ?> fa fa-exclamation-circle" aria-hidden="true"></i>
</a>
</li>
<?php $navI++; ?>
<?php endif; ?>
<?php endif; ?>
<?php endforeach; ?>
</ul>