There are little corrections in your  `limiter.phtml` code and it will be displayed , here is updated file.

    <?php
    /**
     * Copyright © Magento, Inc. All rights reserved.
     * See COPYING.txt for license details.
     */
    
    // @codingStandardsIgnoreFile
    
    ?>
    <?php
    /**
     * Product list toolbar
     *
     * @var $block \Magento\Catalog\Block\Product\ProductList\Toolbar
     */
    use Magento\Catalog\Model\Product\ProductList\Toolbar;
    ?>
    <div class="field limiter">
        <label class="label" for="limiter">
            <span><?= /* @escapeNotVerified */ __('Show') ?></span>
        </label>
        <div class="control">
            <select id="limiter" data-role="limiter" class="limiter-options">
                <?php foreach ($block->getAvailableLimit() as $_key => $_limit): ?>
                    <option value="<?= /* @escapeNotVerified */ $_key ?>"<?php if ($block->isLimitCurrent($_key)): ?>
                        selected="selected"<?php endif ?>>
                        <?= /* @escapeNotVerified */ $_limit ?>
                        <span class="limiter-text"><?= /* @escapeNotVerified */ __('per page') ?></span>
                    </option>
                <?php endforeach; ?>
            </select>
        </div>
    </div>

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

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**Note:** Tested on LUMA Theme

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  [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/arw4l.png