In addition of @rakesh answer no need of product loading 

For direct approach (Object Method)

      $objectManager = \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance();
      $_product = $objectManager->create('Magento\Catalog\Model\ResourceModel\Product');
      $attr = $_product->getAttribute('model');
      if ($attr->usesSource()) {
            $option_id = $attr->getSource()->getOptionId($info->getMake());
      }

Factory Method

   

       protected $_attributeLoading;
    
       public function __construct( 
            .....
              \Magento\Catalog\Model\ResourceModel\ProductFactory   $attributeLoading,  
              ....
                                    ) {
                parent::__construct($context);
            
                ....
                $this->_attributeLoading = $attributeLoading;
                ....
    
        }
      
    
       public function getAttributeOptionId($attribute,$label)
        {
            $poductReource=$this->_attributeLoading->create();
            $attr = $poductReource->getAttribute($attribute);
             if ($attr->usesSource()) {
                    return  $option_id = $attr->getSource()->getOptionId($label);
             }
        }
       public function getAttributeOptionText($attribute,$label)
        {
            $poductReource=$this->_attributeLoading->create();
            $attr = $poductReource->getAttribute($attribute);
             if ($attr->usesSource()) {
                    return  $option_Text = $attr->getSource()->getOptionText($label);
             }
        }

in phtml file 

      $this->getAttributeOptionId('color','//optionLabel');
      $this->getAttributeOptionText('color','//optionId');