You can do this via observer in custom module:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config>
<!-- some config here -->
<adminhtml>
<events>
<catalog_product_prepare_save>
<observers>
<my_module_observer_node>
<type>singleton</type>
<class>My_Module_Model_Observer</class>
<method>catalogProductPrepareSave</method>
</my_module_observer_node>
</observers>
</catalog_product_prepare_save>
</events>
</adminhtml>
<!-- some config here-->
</config>
And Model/Observer.php
class My_Module_Model_Observer
{
public function catalogProductPrepareSave($observer)
{
/**
* @var $product Mage_Catalog_Model_Product
*/
$product = $observer->getEvent()->getProduct();
if(!$product->getSomeAttribute()){
$product->setSomeAttribute("Some default value here");
}
}
}