In Magento - there is a block of inline JS that is outputted on each product page for the productAddToCartForm
For example, on a Magento demo store
If you view a product and view the source of the page; search inline for var productAddToCartForm
You'll see a block of JS that declares the add to cart object and methods.
<script type="text/javascript">
//<![CDATA[
var productAddToCartForm = new VarienForm('product_addtocart_form');
productAddToCartForm.submit = function(button, url) {
if (this.validator.validate()) {
....
View the source on your own page and you'll either see this block missing - or present, but broken because of another JS conflict/error.
The respective JS can be found in
app/design/frontend/base/default/template/catalog/product/view.phtml