You can create a observer to the event email_order_set_template_vars_before
.
In the observer replace created_at_formatted
in transportObject
with your custom format
// use __constructor instead
$timezone = \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance()
->get(\Magento\Framework\Stdlib\DateTime\TimezoneInterface::class);
$locale = \Magento\Framework\App\ObjectManager::getInstance()
->get(\Magento\Framework\Locale\ResolverInterface::class)
->getLocale();
$localeDate = $timezone->date(new \DateTime($order->getCreatedAt()), new \DateTimeZone('UTC')), $locale);
// you can get order and transportObject from observer
// like $observer->getEvent()->getData('order');
$transportObject->setData('created_at_formatted', $localeDate->format('l, d.m.Y'));