I give you understanding through following example:
<script type="text/x-magento-init">
{
"*": {
"Pulsestorm_JavascriptInitTutorial/example":{"config":"value"}
}
}
</script>
The * we used previously is actually a special case, for programs that don’t need to operate on DOM nodes. The key for this object is actually a CSS/jQuery style selector that tells Magento which DOM nodes the program in Pulsestorm_JavascriptInitTutorial/example
should operate on.
One of very good reference article: https://alanstorm.com/magento_2_javascript_init_scripts/
I hope this will help