You can try following code, here I have rewritten the template file in my custom module.
app/code/Anshu/Custom/registration.php
<?php
\Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::register(
\Magento\Framework\Component\ComponentRegistrar::MODULE,
'Anshu_Custom',
__DIR__
);
app/code/Anshu/Custom/etc/module.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Module/etc/module.xsd">
<module name="Anshu_Custom" setup_version="1.0.0">
<sequence>
<module name="Magento_Checkout" />
</sequence>
</module>
</config>
app/code/Anshu/Custom/view/frontend/layout/checkout_cart_index.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<page xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" layout="1column" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_configuration.xsd">
<body>
<referenceContainer name="content">
<referenceBlock name="checkout.cart.methods.onepage.bottom" template="Anshu_Custom::onepage/link.phtml" />
</referenceContainer>
</body>
</page>
app/code/Anshu/Custom/view/frontend/templates/onepage/link.phtml
<?php
// @codingStandardsIgnoreFile
?>
<?php if ($block->isPossibleOnepageCheckout()):?>
<button type="button"
data-role="proceed-to-checkout"
title="<?= /* @escapeNotVerified */ __('Proceed to Checkout') ?>"
data-mage-init='{"Magento_Checkout/js/proceed-to-checkout":{"checkoutUrl":"<?= /* @escapeNotVerified */ $block->getCheckoutUrl() ?>"}}'
class="action primary checkout<?= ($block->isDisabled()) ? ' disabled' : '' ?>"
<?php if ($block->isDisabled()):?>disabled="disabled"<?php endif; ?>>
<span><?= /* @escapeNotVerified */ __('Proceed to Checkout') ?></span>
</button>
<?php endif?>
I have just copied the code from original core link.phtml
file, you can modify it according to your requirement.