Maybe the best approach on this is to create your own CRUD module where you manage materials.
Each material should have a title, description and image. (and any other field you need).
Then you can make that entity you create into a product attribute.
This shows you how to create a product attribute with a custom source model.
Then in the product page you can add a section where you can show the details of the material.
Something like this:
<?php $materialId = $_product->getMaterial();
if ($materialId) :
$material = Mage::getModel('[module]/material')->load($materialId); ?>
<div class="material-description"><?php echo $material->getDescription();?></div>
<div class="material-image"><img src="BASE IMAGE PATH HERE <?php echo $material->getImage()?>" /></div>
<?php endif;?>