I have searched in Magento 2 developer documentation and also googled about the new Magento 2 GET URL method but haven't found something clear that explain how to get url path in new platform.
So I open up this post to complete with your help the missing commands and help also other user searching for the same argument.
The Magento 1 Platform
GET PRODUCT URL
<?php echo $this->helper('catalog/product')->getProductUrl($_product); ?>
GET ATTRIBUTE
<?php echo $_product->getData('manufacturer'); ?>
<?php echo $_product->getSku(); ?>
GET PRODUCT NAME
<?php echo $_product->getName(); ?>
GET DESCRIPTION
<?php echo strip_tags($_product->getDescription()); ?>
GET KEYWORDS
<?php echo htmlspecialchars($this->getKeywords()) ?>
GET PRODUCT IMAGE
<?php echo $this->helper('catalog/image')->init($_product, 'image')->resize(300, 300); ?>
The Magento 2 Platform
GET BASE URL
This is the only reference I have found
<?php echo $block->getBaseUrl(); ?>
if I try all other Magento 1 parameters to get the URL/ATTRIBUTE/NAME etc. Magento 2 crash.