You can use preference property to overirde the file. Like below code:
Create file : [Vendor][Module]\etc\di.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:Acl/etc/acl.xsd">
<preference for="Magento\Swatches\Block\Product\Renderer\Configurable" type="[Vendor]\[Module]\Block\Rewrite\Product\Renderer\Configurable" />
</config>
Create class
[Vendor][Module]\Block\Rewrite\Product\Renderer\Configurable to
override Magento block
<?php
namespace [Vendor]\[Module]\Block\Rewrite\Product\Renderer;
class Configurable extends \Magento\Swatches\Block\Product\Renderer\Configurable
{
protected function getRendererTemplate()
{
return $this->isProductHasSwatchAttribute() ?
self::SWATCH_RENDERER_TEMPLATE : '[Vendor]_[Module]::product/view/type/options/configurable.phtml';
}
}