In default.xml of the magento/module-theme Module we have the following referenceBlock on Line 19:
<referenceBlock name="top.links">
<block class="Magento\Theme\Block\Html\Header" name="header" as="header" before="-">
<arguments>
<argument name="show_part" xsi:type="string">welcome</argument>
</arguments>
</block>
</referenceBlock>
In which layout file is the block with Name 'name="top.links"' defined ? It is referred, so it has to be defined in some layout XML file.