Check this below code. I have added one checkbox on newsletter footer subscribe.phtml. If we are custom add checkbox on this then form submit without form fill up. Site Link : http://kkmag2.dev-site.me/
<form class="form subscribe"
novalidate
action="<?php /* @escapeNotVerified */
echo $block->getFormActionUrl() ?>"
method="post"
data-mage-init='{"validation": {"errorClass": "mage-error"}}'
id="newsletter-validate-detail">
<div class="field newsletter">
<input name="email" type="email" id="newsletter" class="form-control" placeholder="<?php /* @escapeNotVerified */
echo __('Email address') ?>" data-validate="{required:true, 'validate-email':true}"/>
</div>
<div class="field input-box custom-required-checkbox">
<input type="checkbox" title="<?php echo __('Sign Up for Newsletter') ?>" value="1" id="is_subscribed_footer" class="form-control checkbox required-entry" style="width: auto;" data-validate="{required:true}"/>
<label for="is_subscribed_footer"><?php echo __("Yes, I would like to sign up to find out about Kilkenny's Exclusive Offers**") ?></label>
</div>
<div class="actions">
<button class="btn-novetty action subscribe "
type="submit">
<?php /* @escapeNotVerified */
echo __('Sign Up') ?>
</button>
</div>
</form>